Cytopoint vs. Apoquel: Dog Allergy Medicine Comparison Guide
If your dog is suffering from allergies, you’re likely trying to decide between Cytopoint vs Apoquel, the two most commonly prescribed allergy medications for dogs.
In this comparison guide, we’ll explore the differences between Cytopoint and Apoquel, as well as the benefits and potential side effects. We break down the facts so you can work with your veterinarian to help your itchy dog find relief.
Cytopoint vs. Apoquel: A Quick Comparison Guide1,2
| Cytopoint | Apoquel | |
| Type of Medication | Monoclonal antibody | Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor |
| Active Ingredient(s) | Lokivetmab | Oclacitinib |
| Used to Treat | Itching (pruritus), allergic and atopic dermatitis | Itching (pruritus) and inflammation due to allergic and atopic dermatitis |
| Minimum Age to Start | All ages | 12 months |
| Available Forms | Injectable solution | Oral tablets, chewable tablets |
| Prescription or OTC | Prescription | Prescription |
| Dosing Frequency | Every 4-8 weeks or as needed for itch relief | Twice daily for 1-2 weeks and then once daily for maintenance |
| When Does It Start Working? | 24-72 hours after the first injection, maximum effect seen after the second injection, if needed | Within 4 hours of administration of the first dose with significant itch relief by 24 hours |
| Possible Side Effects | Transient GI effects (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia) or lethargy. Soreness at injection site. Lameness. Very rarely, hypersensitivity to injection (anaphylaxis, facial edema, urticaria). | Transient GI effects (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia) or lethargy. Increased liver enzymes and seizures have been noted in roughly 1-2 percent of patients. Potential link to increased susceptibility to infections. Potential link to lowered white blood cell count (3). |
| Safe for Long-Term Use? | Yes | Yes, with monitoring. |
| FDA Approved? | No | Yes |
Key Differences When Comparing Apoquel and Cytopoint
Cytopoint, an injectable monoclonal antibody therapy, is specifically designed to alleviate allergic reactions in dogs. After a dog receives a Cytopoint injection, it targets and neutralizes interleukin-31 (IL-31), a key protein involved in the signaling pathway of canine itch sensation. By inactivating IL-31, Cytopoint effectively interrupts the itch cycle. Unlike traditional treatments such as steroids or antihistamines, Cytopoint offers a targeted approach with fewer side effects, providing long-lasting relief for dogs suffering from allergic skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis. The injection provides relief for 4-8 weeks on average.
Apoquel is a fast-acting oral allergy medication for dogs that belongs to a class of drugs called Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. This dog allergy medication works by blocking specific enzymes (Janus kinases) from sending signals in the body that can lead to inflammation and itching. Unlike traditional allergy treatments, Apoquel stops allergic itch and inflammation right at the source. Available as a tablet or a chewable tablet, Apoquel can be used twice daily for up to 14 days, and then once daily for maintenance therapy.
Pros and Cons: Cytopoint vs Apoquel1,2
Now that we know how these medications provide itch relief for dogs, let’s discuss the major pros and cons of Cytopoint vs Apoquel.
| Pros | Cons | |
| Cytopoint | Cytopoint specifically targets interleukin-31 (IL-31), effectively reducing itch sensation without affecting other parts of the immune system. A single injection of Cytopoint can provide relief from itching for 4 to 8 weeks, minimizing the need for frequent administration. Since Cytopoint is an antibody therapy, it generally has fewer systemic side effects compared to medications like steroids or Apoquel. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Cytopoint works very well to effectively relieve itching and inflammation in dogs and improve the quality of life of dogs suffering from canine atopic dermatitis. | Cytopoint injections can be more expensive upfront compared to Apoquel. Cytopoint must be administered by a veterinarian or veterinary technician in a clinic. Dogs who are overly anxious or fearful at the veterinary office or clients who must travel a long distance may find that to be an issue. It may take a few days for Cytopoint to reach its full effect, meaning immediate relief might not be achieved. Some dogs may experience gastrointestinal upset for up to a few days after the injection, and others may be painful or sore at the injection site. As with any injection, the potential for an allergic reaction is always considered. |
| Apoquel | Apoquel provides fast relief from allergic itching and inflammation, often starting to work within just a few hours of the first dose. This makes it an effective option for both acute flareups and long-term allergy management. The medication specifically targets the signaling pathways involved in the itch response, helping to address the underlying cause rather than just masking symptoms. Numerous studies show that Apoquel is highly effective at controlling itching and inflammation due to allergic and atopic dermatitis in dogs. Apoquel can be used for short-term itch relief or as a long-term treatment to manage chronic itchy skin in dogs. This gives veterinarians flexibility to provide individualized treatment. | Apoquel can be more expensive than some other allergy treatments, such as antihistamines or steroids, which may be a consideration for pet parents managing long-term costs. While Apoquel is generally well-tolerated, some dogs may experience mild side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased appetite. Veterinarians recommend annual bloodwork for dogs taking Apoquel long-term to monitor liver and kidney function and immune system health. This is due to concerns about potential long-term side effects. Apoquel only works for 24 hours and must be given daily. |
Comparing Side Effects
Another important consideration when selecting Cytopoint vs Apoquel for your dog is potential side effects. Generally, both medications are well tolerated in dogs and considered safe for long-term use.
The potential side effects associated with Cytopoint and Apoquel are generally different due to their distinct mechanisms of action. Cytopoint, being a monoclonal antibody therapy, typically has fewer systemic side effects, although local reactions at the injection site may occur. On the other hand, Apoquel, a JAK inhibitor, may cause side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased appetite, particularly with prolonged use or at higher doses. There is also the possibility of immunosuppression with Apoquel, so more monitoring is recommended for dogs taking Apoquel long-term.
Because every dog is different, responses to allergy medications can vary. That’s why it’s essential to keep in touch with your veterinarian and schedule regular check-ins to make sure the treatment is working safely and effectively.
Can Apoquel and Cytopoint Be Used Together?
Using Cytopoint and Apoquel together is not typically recommended, as they both target the same symptoms (itching and allergic reactions) through different mechanisms. Combining them may not offer additional benefits and may even increase your dog’s risk of potential side effects. However, your veterinarian may recommend using Cytopoint and Apoquel together in rare cases, particularly dogs with severe allergies whose quality of life is in jeopardy.
Prior to combining these medications, it is important to ensure that other inflammatory causes are well controlled, such as external parasites, dietary allergens, regular bathing, etc.
Cost Comparison of Cytopoint vs Apoquel
When comparing the cost of Cytopoint and Apoquel, Cytopoint may initially seem more expensive due to the need for a veterinary-administered injection, whereas Apoquel is an oral medication that pet parents can administer at home. However, the long-lasting effects of Cytopoint may result in fewer treatment sessions overall, potentially reducing long-term costs.
Insurance coverage for these medications can vary depending on the provider and policy, but some pet insurance plans may help offset the cost of either Cytopoint or Apoquel, making them more affordable for pet parents.
Ultimately, the cost-effectiveness of each medication will depend on factors such as the individual dog’s response to treatment, the severity of their symptoms, and the pet parent’s budget and preferences.
The Bottom Line
In conclusion, choosing between Cytopoint and Apoquel depends on your dog’s specific allergies, your personal preferences, your dog’s willingness to take daily medications versus in-clinic injections, and your budget, to name a few factors. Both medications are effective and generally well tolerated.
As a veterinarian, I regularly prescribe both and have seen first-hand how much better dogs can feel with Cytopoint or Apoquel.
Consult your veterinarian to determine the best course of action for your dog’s well-being, so they can start living their best, itch-free life.
References
- Zoetis Pet Care. https://www.zoetispetcare.com/products/cytopoint
- Zoetis Pet Care. https://www.zoetispetcare.com/products/apoquel
- Marsella, Rosanna et al. “Oclacitinib 10 years later: lessons learned and directions for the future.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association vol. 261,S1 S36-S47. 25 Mar. 2023, doi:10.2460/javma.22.12.0570
