8 Dog Breeds Prone to Skin Allergies

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Around 10 to 15 percent of the dog population is thought to be affected by environmental skin allergies, also called atopic dermatitis [1]. While any dog could develop allergies, dog breeds prone to skin allergies are more likely to be among the 10 to 15 percent. 

You can’t change your dog’s genes, but knowing your dog may be more susceptible can help you recognize the signs of skin allergies sooner so you can get your itchy dog the help they need. That way, you can work with your veterinarian to stop the itch before it leads to sores, infections, and sleepless nights for both you and your pet. 

The good news is that skin allergies can be managed. Your veterinarian can recommend ways to relieve your dog’s itch, from prescription medications such as Apoquel (oclacitinib) to medicated shampoos and year-round flea prevention.

Here’s everything you need to know about dog breeds that are more likely to develop skin allergies.  

Why Are Some Dog Breeds Prone to Skin Allergies?

Are dog allergies hereditary? Partly. The development of skin allergies in dogs relies on both genetic and environmental factors.

Some breeds are predisposed to developing skin allergies because their genetic makeup makes them more likely to have a dysfunctional skin barrier or an overzealous immune system. 

Any dog can develop skin allergies, including mixed-breed dogs, and dogs who belong to a breed that is prone to skin allergies are not guaranteed to develop them. Other triggers, like environmental exposures and lifestyle during puppyhood, also contribute to whether a dog develops skin allergies [2].

8 Dog Breeds Prone to Skin Allergies

For most dog breeds with skin allergies, signs typically start when a dog is between 6 months and 3 years of age [3]. It’s less common for dogs to develop allergy signs for the first time later in life. 

Across breeds, the parts of the body that are usually affected include the paws, ears, face, armpits, groin, inner surfaces of the legs, and belly. 

Below are eight of the dog breeds with most skin allergies reported in veterinary studies.

Boxers

Boxers are recognized as having a worldwide predisposition to skin allergies [2]. These allergies can range from slight itchiness to relentless scratching that results in open sores. Because the paws are frequently itchy, brown saliva staining may be noted around the toes of boxers with white feet. Boxer dogs with skin allergies can also develop frequent ear infections.

Labrador Retrievers 

Like boxers, Labrador retrievers are thought to be predisposed to allergies across the globe [2]. Some studies show a strong role for inheritance in Labrador retrievers, with the offspring of atopic dogs more likely to have skin allergies [4]. Commonly affected areas of the body include the paws, ears, face, belly, and groin. As with boxers, recurrent ear infections can be an issue in Labrador retrievers with skin allergies.

English and French Bulldogs

Both English and French bulldogs are considered to have an increased risk of skin allergies, with a specific genetic signal likely playing a role in French bulldogs [5]. Like other dogs with skin allergies, bulldogs have a dysfunctional skin barrier. The skin folds that are typical of these breeds, however, can increase the risk of severe infections. Pet parents will need to examine the facial folds and areas around the tail, especially if the dog has a screw-tail. Consider wiping these areas regularly with pet-safe wipes. Bulldogs with allergies can also develop significant inflammation between their toes (interdigital pododermatitis). Excessive licking and itching of the paws can also contribute to the development of cysts on the feet.

Staffordshire Terriers

Both American Staffordshire terriers and Staffordshire bull terriers appear to have an increased risk of skin allergies, with a Finnish study indicating that about 30 percent of dogs in these breeds are affected [6]. A 2021 study suggested that inherited differences in immune regulation may contribute to the breed’s susceptibility, though this hasn’t been proven [7]. Redness and itchiness commonly affect the paws, armpits, groin, belly, muzzle, and ears. Recurrent ear infections are likely to be an issue in Staffordshire terriers with allergic skin disease.

Cocker Spaniels

Cocker spaniels are thought to have a genetic predisposition to allergic skin disease [8]. Their skin may also create excessive amounts of an oily substance called sebum [9], and they’re predisposed to other conditions like hypothyroidism. They also tend to develop infections within the lip folds (lip fold pyoderma) [10] and ear infections due to their pendulous ears. Regular grooming may be beneficial for cocker spaniels that are prone to skin issues.

Shih Tzus

Along with cocker spaniels and French bulldogs, Shih Tzus were identified as having an increased risk of skin allergies in a 2025 Korean study [8]. The most commonly affected areas on Shih Tzus are the underside of the neck, the belly, and the armpits. Regular grooming helps prevent matting, and their facial folds should be checked often.

West Highland White Terriers

West Highland white terriers are recognized worldwide as a dog breed predisposed to allergies, with inheritance from parents considered likely [11]. They commonly develop secondary yeast infections that can lead to thick, dark, leathery skin. This is sometimes called Westie armadillo syndrome. Hair loss and thickened skin are common on the neck, belly, and legs. 

Pugs 

Pugs are prone to skin allergies worldwide [2]. While genetics are believed to play an important role in allergic skin disease of pugs, a specific gene that causes allergic disease has not been identified. Much like bulldogs, pugs can develop infections within their skin folds, so it’s important for pet parents to monitor the folds around the face and tail. 

Breed risk can also vary by region. A breed that’s predisposed in one part of the world may not be elsewhere [12]. This may be due to the genetics of the local dog population, lifestyle factors, or environmental exposures unique to certain areas.

Signs of Skin Allergies in Dogs

Skin allergies in dogs can cause the following signs:

• Excessive itchiness and scratching
• Red skin
• Licking or chewing the paws
• Hair loss (alopecia)
• Recurrent ear and/or skin infections
• Hot spots or sores
• Hives, skin scaling, crustiness, or pimple-like spots on the skin
• Face rubbing
• Scooting

All the symptoms listed can also be caused by other issues, so it’s very important to enlist the help of a veterinarian to diagnose your dog.

Other Common Causes of Itchy Skin in Dogs

Skin allergies are one of the most common skin diseases in dogs, but they aren’t the only cause of itching. Other common causes include:

• Food allergies: Signs of food sensitivity in dogs usually show up in the skin, though vomiting or diarrhea can also occur. Common dog food allergies are chicken, beef, and dairy products [13]. In most cases, the dog is allergic to the protein in the food.
• Fleas and flea allergy dermatitis: The sensation of crawling fleas can cause itchiness and scratching, but if a dog is allergic to the flea’s saliva, the dog can experience severe itchiness, skin redness, and hair loss.
• Skin infections: Skin infections can occur on their own or secondary to allergies. 

While each cause of itchy skin typically requires a different management strategy, certain treatments for atopic dermatitis, like Apoquel, can sometimes provide itch relief in the interim. It’s also possible for a dog to have more than one cause for their itchy skin. For example, a dog can have both environmental skin allergies and food allergies.

What to Do If Your Dog’s Breed Is Prone to Skin Allergies

If your dog’s breed is prone to skin allergies, you’ll want to talk to your veterinarian early. Make sure to discuss:

• Your individual pet’s risk factors
• Allergy signs to watch for
• Signs of skin infection
• Preventative strategies (if applicable)

If you’re already noticing that your dog has itchy skin, red skin, or recurrent skin and/or ear infections, it’s important to talk to your veterinarian about whether skin allergies are a concern. 

Diagnosis of Skin Allergies in Dogs

To diagnose allergies, your veterinarian may perform the following tests:

• Blood and urine testing: The veterinarian may perform routine lab work to ensure your pet is healthy overall. 
• Skin scrape and parasite check: Your veterinarian looks for fleas and other parasites and may scrape the skin to check for mites under a microscope.
• Skin and ear cytology and/or fungal testing: Samples from the skin and ears are checked under a microscope to rule out infection.
• Dietary trial: If food allergies are suspected or need to be ruled out, the veterinarian may recommend a dietary trial, which can last 8 weeks or more. During a food trial, your dog can only eat the food they’ve been prescribed.
• Intradermal allergen testing (IDAT): Usually done by a veterinary dermatologist while the dog is sedated, this test injects small amounts of allergens under the skin to see which ones cause a reaction.

How to Treat Dogs Prone to Skin Allergies

Allergic skin disease requires long-term management. Treatments may include:

• Anti-itch and anti-inflammatory medications: Medications like Apoquel can help control itch and skin inflammation in dogs with skin allergies. Cytopoint (lokivetmab) injections and cyclosporine are other options that either reduce itch or reduce skin inflammation. Steroids (glucocorticoids) may be used in the short-term to help control itchiness, especially in severe cases, though long-term use should generally be avoided. 
• Antihistamines: Cetirizine and other antihistamines are sometimes recommended for dogs with mild allergic skin disease, though antihistamines aren’t typically as effective as medications like Apoquel for controlling itch in dogs with allergies.
• Antibiotics or antifungals: Oral or topical forms may be recommended if an infection is suspected.
• Topical treatments: Soothing shampoos, mousses, or sprays may be recommended. Some may have antibiotic or antifungal properties.
• Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT): ASIT refers to allergy shots or allergy drops that are developed based on the results of IDAT testing. The dog’s immune system is gradually retrained to tolerate the specific allergen.
• Dietary support and supplements: In some cases, allergy diets or supplements like omega-3 fatty acids may be recommended.

For dogs suffering from itch, veterinarians often reach for Apoquel. Apoquel for dogs is FDA-approved to control itching from allergic skin conditions and to control atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months old [14].

Apoquel interferes with the “itch” pathway by preventing a specific protein from binding to its receptor. This prevents the itch signal from reaching the brain. Apoquel also interferes with the signals that recruit inflammatory cells into the skin. By stopping the dog’s urge to repeatedly scratch and chew at themselves, Apoquel can give irritated skin a chance to heal. 

Apoquel starts relieving itch in as little as 4 hours [15] and can be used for both sudden flare-ups and long-term management of skin allergies.

Apoquel is available only with a prescription from your veterinarian. It shouldn’t be given to dogs younger than 12 months, dogs with serious infections, or breeding, pregnant, or nursing dogs. Because Apoquel affects the immune system, it may make infections more likely and can cause existing skin parasite problems or cancers to get worse, so your veterinarian will weigh the risks and benefits for your dog. The most common side effects are vomiting and diarrhea [15].

If your dog is suffering from itchy, red skin, it’s a good idea to ask your veterinarian whether Apoquel might be appropriate for your dog. Apoquel can help relieve itch from the three most common types of allergies in dogs: environmental, flea, and food allergies. 

Medications like Apoquel may also be combined with other management steps, like year-round flea prevention, avoiding triggers, and regular bathing. Your pet’s treatment plan will be individualized based on the pet’s health, suspected triggers, and your financial considerations.

Tips for Helping a Dog With Skin Allergies Feel Better

If you are concerned that your dog may have skin allergies, these tips can help you manage your dog’s symptoms:

1. Avoid allergens when possible. Keep windows closed during peak allergen seasons and use air purifiers. Regularly vacuum and wash mattresses and pillows. 
2. Keep your pet on year-round flea prevention.
3. Bathe your dog regularly in a soothing, pet-safe shampoo. For dogs with allergies, bathing may occur every 1 to 2 weeks. Bathing may be more frequent if medicated shampoo is needed for infection.
4. Wipe paws with pet-safe wipes after the dog comes inside.
5. If your dog tends to develop mats, infections within skin folds, or ear infections, consider regular grooming to help maintain your pet’s coat and skin health.
6. Keep up with your veterinary check-ups and give all medications as prescribed.
7. Talk to your veterinarian about supplements before starting your dog on them.

Remember, just because your dog belongs to a specific breed doesn’t guarantee that they will or won’t get skin allergies. If you are at all concerned that your pet may be itchy or have skin inflammation, speak with your veterinarian about skin allergies. Medications like Apoquel and other treatment strategies can improve your pet’s quality of life. With less scratching, head-shaking, and face-rubbing occurring at all hours, it might improve yours, too.

References

1. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. “Atopic Dermatitis (Atopy).” Riney Canine Health Center, accessed 2 Nov. 2026, https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-topics/atopic-dermatitis-atopy.

2. Hensel, Patrick, et al. “Update on the Role of Genetic Factors, Environmental Factors and Allergens in Canine Atopic Dermatitis.” Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 35, no. 1, 2024, pp. 15–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13210.

3. Hoff, Sarah. “Canine Atopic Dermatitis.” Merck Veterinary Manual, May 2026, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/atopic-dermatitis/canine-atopic-dermatitis.

4. Shaw, S. C., et al. “Estimation of Heritability of Atopic Dermatitis in Labrador and Golden Retrievers.” American Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 65, no. 7, 2004, pp. 1014–20, https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1014.

5. Forman, Oliver P., et al. “A Splice Donor Variant in SLAMF1 Is Associated with Canine Atopic Dermatitis.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science, vol. 12, 2025, 1550617, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1550617.

6. Anturaniemi, Johanna, et al. “Environmental and Phenotype-Related Risk Factors for Owner-Reported Allergic/Atopic Skin Symptoms and for Canine Atopic Dermatitis Verified by Veterinarian in a Finnish Dog Population.” PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 6, 2017, e0178771, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178771.

7. Mazrier, Hamutal, et al. “Altered Plasma Cytokines in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis.” Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 33, no. 2, 2022, pp. 131–e38, https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13044.

8. Ryu, J. H., et al. “Prevalence and Lesion Distribution of Atopic Dermatitis in Small-to-Medium Breed Dogs in Korea.” Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 36, no. 2, 2025, pp. 186–95, https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13329.

9. Heinrich, Nicole A. “Seborrhea in Animals.” Merck Veterinary Manual, May 2025, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/seborrhea/seborrhea-in-animals.

10. O’Neill, Dan G., et al. “Ironing Out the Wrinkles and Folds in the Epidemiology of Skin Fold Dermatitis in Dog Breeds in the UK.” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, 2022, 10553, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14483-5.

11. Rostaher, Ana, et al. “Atopic Dermatitis in a Cohort of West Highland White Terriers in Switzerland. Part II: Estimates of Early Life Factors and Heritability.” Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 31, no. 4, 2020, pp. 276–e66, https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12843.

12. Mazrier, Hamutal, et al. “Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Breed Risk in Australia and Evidence for a Susceptible Clade.” Veterinary Dermatology, vol. 27, no. 3, 2016, pp. 167–e42, https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12317.

13. Mueller, Ralf S., et al. “Critically Appraised Topic on Adverse Food Reactions of Companion Animals (2): Common Food Allergen Sources in Dogs and Cats.” BMC Veterinary Research, vol. 12, 2016, p. 9, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0633-8.

14. Zoetis. “Apoquel Chewable (Oclacitinib Chewable Tablet) FDA Package Insert.” DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, accessed 2 Nov. 2026, https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a39a0298-6453-4c21-a3b0-01c1a52a109b.

15. Zoetis. “Apoquel.” Zoetis Petcare, accessed 2 Nov. 2026, https://www.zoetispetcare.com/products/apoquel.